Improvement in manufacturing two



U NrrED ST TES PATENT QFFIC'E.

THOMAS onoss nr, or nos'rou, MAssAoHusETrs.

, IMPROVEMENT IN MANUFACTURINGTWOQP'LY 'CA-RP'ETS.

Specification formin g part of Letters Patent No. l l ,564 dated August 2'2, 11854; anteda-ted February 22, 1854.

To all whom it may concern:

' Be itknown that I, THOMAS GRossLEY,'ct Boston, in the county of Suffolk and Commonwealth of lllassachnsetts, have invented a new "and, useful Improvement in the. Manufacture of Two-Ply Ingra-inOarpetin gs and Ihere'by I declare that the following is a full, clear, and

exact description of the same, and that; "I have herein specified the peculiarities which distinguish my invention from all things heretofore known or put in practice.

Two-ply and three-ply carpets may be characterized as double or treble cloths or carpets,

which are. united together at intervals by the -interweavin g of the warp-threads of thedifl-ercut plies or cloths with each other,so that the latter are firmly united together and mutual] y aid in stifi'eningand strengthening eacho'ther.

On this account a carpet oftwo plies is much more durable than one of a single ply, as the strains to which it is subjected are clinched between the two cloths, while in the single ply they are all borne by the one, These considerations render it necessary that all carpets woven entirely of woolen yarn or of worsted should have a foundation or back of some sort independent ofthe face-of the carpet. in the two-ply ingrain carpet this'back; is; furnished by the under ply, and where this carpet is woven of colored yarns each cloth or ply becomes a separate carpet, and either may be placed uppermost and subjected towear. Where a twoply carpet-is to be printed, however, as in the case of Letters Patent granted to me on the 16th 'dayof March, l852,'for a two-ply printed carpet,asanewarticleofmahufacture,the'lower cloth, when the carpet is printed upon but one side, serves the purpose-only of strengthening and stiffening thefabric, of assistin g toprevent the passage of dust, and of diminishing the destructive efi'ect of the latter where the fabric lies immediately upon the floor. A large proportion of valuable stock thus lies dead, as it were, beneath the actual visible carpet,which never comes toview, and I have discovered thatthe wool in this lower ply maybe entirely replaced by linen, which servesthe purpose of strengthening andstificning the woolen or up per ply in' afar better manner than is accomplished by wool,while the cost of the carpetis materially reduced, and, Iain enabled to fur-" at a price far less than the cost at which such fabrics have heretofore been produced;

To enable others skilled in the art to make I loom that will ingrain, the warp for the lower cloth, as well as its filling, being composed entirely of linen. The upper ply is composed en'- tirely of wool, as is usual in two-ply carpets, and is thoroughlyingrained down into the linen ply, which thus holds the upper cloth in place and strengthens and stifi'ens it in a mannerfar superior to what can heefiected by a soft woolen cloth, while it will ofl'er much greater obstruction to the passage of the dust. These qualitics must rcnderthis carpet far more durable and unyielding than one in which both the plies are of wool, For thepurpose ofstill fur.-v

ther strengthening this fabric,and, also of renderin'g it more impervious to the dust, I contemplate, under certain circumstances, sizing, the linen cloth in any appropriate manner after the carpet is woven.- I I Heretoiore I have described the lower cloth as composed entirely of linen. This I prefer for the purpose, as it will furnisha harder, more unyielding cloth than any other material. The linen may, however, be wholly or in part replaced byjcotton, and I do not consider such modifications as altering the principle'of my invention.

" The carpet which I am thus enabled to produce is much better adapted to the purpose of phintin g than one in which the lower plyis also of wool, as the linen, beinghard and unyieldin g, renders the upper or woolen surface much more firm .aud iuelastic-qualities which particularly adaptfit to the reception of a perfect impression and, furthermore, where the carpet is all of wool the colors, as they are applied,

having passedthrough the first ply, are ansorbed by the lower one, and thus theintensity of the figure npon'the surface is diminished. Withone woolenand one linen ply the color-' lug-matter, not being absorbed by the linen, is

entirely deposited in the woolen ply, anda muclr deeper impression is obtained} I I do not claim themanufacture of carpets com posedof difi'erentfibrous'materials in which jthelwhole or nearly all of one fiber is shown I on one sideof the carpet, and all or nearly all ol' the other fiber on the other side of the earpet, as this has been done in pile-carpets and other fabrics but.

What Ielaiin as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters'lhitenfi as a new article of inmiufneture,is-' v r A two-ply ingra'in carpet, having the lower ply composed entirely of linen or cotton and i the upper ply ofwool, when united, substnn-i tialiy in the mannerdeseribedflor the purpose of producing a d ureble and economical carpet, to be subsequently printedupon-one side, in the manner and for the purpose described.

In testimony whereot'I have hereunto set my signature.

' THOS. CROSSLEY.

In presence of- (JAUs'rEN BROWNE,

SAM 000mm 

